Right to supplement a brief on appeal » ICTR/ICTY/IRMCT Case Law Database

Coagulopathy in patients with liver disease results from impairments in the clotting and fibrinolytic systems, as well as from reduced number and function of platelets. Parenteral vitamin K replacement corrects coagulopathy related to biliary obstruction, bacterial overgrowth, or malnutrition. Vitamin K is less effective for coagulopathy caused by severe parenchymal liver injury. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma is the hallmark of treatment of significant coagulopathy in patients with liver disease and active bleeding. Transfusion of fresh frozen plasma also reverses moderate to severe coagulopathy of cirrhosis prior to invasive procedures. Cryoprecipitate is useful for severe coagulopathy with hypofibrinogenemia, especially when avoidance of volume overload is desired. Exchange plasmapheresis is useful in selected patients with coagulopathy due to liver disease, in whom fresh frozen plasma fails to correct coagulopathy or in patients who have coexistent severe fluid overload. Platelet transfusions, pooled or single donor, are useful in thrombocytopenic patients prior to performing invasive procedures or in the presence of significant bleeding, especially when the platelet count is below 50,000/mL. The use of recombinant factor VIIa and thrombopoietin therapy for correction of coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia, respectively, in patients with cirrhosis, is currently under investigation. Therapy with prothrombin complex concentrates, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin and antithrombin III concentrates for the management of coagulopathy caused by liver disease can be hazardous and the use of these products is considered investigational at the present time.

HIV-related thrombocytopenia isn't as common as it used to be. Although it can still happen, modern antiretroviral therapies have led to fewer cases.

If you've ever wished you could wear jewelry in your hair, hair rings are the accessory for you. You can pick gold, silver, or multi-colored ones to add a flash of bling to your hairstyle with these small, circular pieces of jewelry. Try...

A nonspecific bowel gas pattern is a description often seen on a radiology report on an abdominal X-ray and it means the bowel has some gas in it. The reason for the gas is unclear on the X-ray, and it may be normal or abnormal. Gas is common throughout the gastrointestinal tract and most of the time it is of no clinical significance. Nonspecific bowel gas pattern usually means additional testing such as a computerized tomography (CT) scan may be needed to determine the cause of the symptoms.

A nonspecific gas pattern often denotes a gas pattern that isn’t usually normal. Learn what the research says about such a gas pattern and its causes, as well as the other types of gas patterns.

If you've ever had an ultrasound, you may know that overlying bowel gas can complicate it. Let's discuss the causes and what you can do to treat it.

A nonspecific bowel gas pattern is a description often seen on a radiology report on an abdominal X-ray and it means the bowel has some gas in it. The reason for the gas is unclear on the X-ray, and it may be normal or abnormal. Gas is common throughout the gastrointestinal tract and most of the time it is of no clinical significance. Nonspecific bowel gas pattern usually means additional testing such as a computerized tomography (CT) scan may be needed to determine the cause of the symptoms.

WebMD looks at possible causes of an enlarged pancreas, including symptoms and treatments.

In this article, we will address thrombosis in peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) based on the following aspects: incidence, causes, physiology, symptomatology, and prevention.

Anemia is common in cancer, and lymphoproliferative disease is no exception. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) have been used for renal anemia since 1986, and considerably later in cancer anemia. The first studies were published around 1993, ...