Bubble tea

A cup of bubble tea

Bubble tea

A cup of bubble tea

Alternative namesBoba
Pearl milk tea
Boba milk tea
Boba tea
Boba nai cha
Tapioca tea
CourseDrink
Place of originTaiwan
Region or stateWorldwide
Serving temperatureHot or Cold
Main ingredientsTapioca, milk, creamer, brewed tea, sugar, flavorings
  • Cookbook: Bubble Tea
  •   Media: Bubble tea

Bubble tea (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, tapioca milk tea, boba tea, or boba; Chinese: 珍珠奶茶; pinyin: zhēnzhū nǎichá, 波霸奶茶; bōbà nǎichá) is a tea-based drink that originated in Taiwan in the early 1980s.[1][2] Taiwanese immigrants brought it to the United States in the 1990s, initially in California through regions including Los Angeles County,[3] but the drink has also spread to other countries where there is a large East Asian diaspora population.

Bubble tea most commonly consists of tea accompanied by chewy tapioca balls ("boba" or "pearls"), but it can be made with other toppings as well, such as grass jelly, aloe vera, red bean, and popping boba. It has many varieties and flavors, but the two most popular varieties are pearl black milk tea and pearl green milk tea ("pearl" for the tapioca balls at the bottom).

Description

A paper straw for bubble tea compared with a more typical plastic straw

Bubble teas fall under two categories: teas without milk and milk teas. Both varieties come with a choice of black, green, or oolong tea as the base.[1] Milk teas usually include powdered or fresh milk, but may also use condensed milk, almond milk, soy milk, or coconut milk.[4]

The oldest known bubble tea drink consisted of a mixture of hot Taiwanese black tea, tapioca pearls (Chinese: 粉圓; pinyin: fěn yuán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hún-îⁿ), condensed milk, and syrup (Chinese: 糖漿; pinyin: táng jiāng) or honey.[5] Nowadays, bubble tea is most commonly served cold.[5] The tapioca pearls that give bubble tea its name were originally made from the starch of the cassava, a tropical shrub known for its starchy roots[6] which was introduced to Taiwan from South America during Japanese colonial rule.[7] Larger pearls (Chinese: 波霸/黑珍珠; pinyin: bō bà / hēi zhēn zhū) quickly replaced these.[8]

Today, there are some cafés that specialize in bubble tea production.[9] While some cafés may serve bubble tea in a glass, most Taiwanese bubble tea shops serve the drink in a plastic cup and use a machine to seal the top of the cup with heated plastic cellophane.[10] The method allows the tea to be shaken in the serving cup and makes it spill-free until a person is ready to drink it.[11] The cellophane is then pierced with an oversized straw, now referred to as a boba straw, which is larger than a typical drinking straw to allow the toppings to pass through.[12]

Due to its popularity, bubble tea has inspired a variety of bubble tea flavored snacks, such as bubble tea ice cream and bubble tea candy.[13] The market size of bubble tea was valued at US$2.4 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach US$4.3 billion by the end of 2027.[14][15] Some of the largest global bubble tea chains include Chatime, CoCo Fresh Tea & Juice and Gong Cha.

Variants

Drink

Bubble tea comes in many variations which usually consist of black tea, green tea, oolong tea, and sometimes white tea.[2] Another variation, yuenyeung, (Chinese: 鴛鴦, named after the Mandarin duck) originated in Hong Kong and consists of black tea, coffee, and milk.[1]

Other varieties of the drink include blended tea drinks. These variations are often either blended using ice cream, or are smoothies that contain both tea and fruit.[11] Boba ice cream bars have also been produced.

There are many popular flavours of bubble tea, such as taro,[16] mango,[17] coffee, and coconut.[18] Flavouring ingredients such as a syrup or powder determines the flavour and usually the colour of the bubble tea, while other ingredients such as tea, milk and boba are the basis.[19]

Toppings

Tapioca (boba)

Tapioca pearls (boba) are the most common ingredient, although there are other ways to make the chewy spheres found in bubble tea.[1] The pearls vary in color according to the ingredients mixed in with the tapioca. Most pearls are black from brown sugar.[2][20]

Jelly comes in different shapes: small cubes, stars, or rectangular strips, and flavors such as coconut jelly, konjac, lychee, grass jelly, mango, coffee and green tea. Azuki bean or mung bean paste, typical toppings for Taiwanese shaved ice desserts, give bubble tea an added subtle flavor as well as texture. Aloe, egg pudding (custard), and sago also can be found in many bubble tea shops.[11][21] Popping boba, or spheres that have fruit juices or syrups inside them, are another popular bubble tea topping.[22] Flavors include mango, strawberry, coconut, kiwi and honey melon.[22][23]

Some shops offer milk or cheese foam on top of the drink, giving the drink a consistency similar to that of whipped cream, and a saltier flavor profile.[24] One shop described the effect of the cheese foam as "neutraliz[ing] the bitterness of the tea...and as you drink it you taste the returning sweetness of the tea".[25]

Ice and sugar level

Bubble tea packaged in a promotional shape (lightbulb) instead of a takeaway cup[26]

Bubble tea shops often give customers the option of choosing the amount of ice or sugar in their drink.[27] Sugar and ice levels are usually specified ordinally (e.g. no ice, less ice, normal ice, more ice), corresponding to quarterly intervals (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%).[27]

Packaging

In Southeast Asia, bubble tea is usually packaged in a plastic takeaway cup, sealed with plastic or a rounded cap. New entrants into the market have attempted to distinguish their products by packaging it in bottles[28] and other shapes.[29] Some have used sealed plastic bags.[30] Nevertheless, the plastic takeaway cup with a sealed cap is still the most common packaging method.

Preparation method

The tea can be made in batches during the day or the night before. Brewing different types of teas take different amounts of time and temperature. For instance, green tea requires brewing at a lower temperature, typically between 176–185 °F (80–85 °C) with a brewing time of 8–10 minutes to extract its optimal flavor. In contrast, black tea needs to be made with hotter water, usually around 203–212 °F (95–100 °C) with a brewing of around 15–20 minutes to bring out its sweetness. A tea warmer dispenser allows the tea to remain heated for up to eight hours.

Pearls (boba) are made from tapioca starch. Most bubble tea stores buy packaged tapioca pearls in an uncooked stage. When the boba is uncooked and in the package, it is uncolored and hard. The boba does not turn chewy and dark until they are cooked and sugar is added to bring out its taste. Uncooked tapioca pearls in their package can be stored for around 9 to 12 months, once cooked, they can be stored in a sealed container in the refrigerator. Despite this most bubble tea stores will not sell their boba after 24 hours because it will start to harden and lose its chewyness.

The traditional preparation method is to mix the ingredients (sugar, powders and other flavorings) together using a bubble tea shaker cup, by hand. However, many present-day bubble tea shops use a bubble tea shaker machine. This eliminates the need for humans to shake the bubble tea by hand. It also reduces staffing needs as multiple cups of bubble tea may be prepared by a single barista.

History

Milk and sugar have been added to tea in Taiwan since the Dutch colonization of Taiwan in 1624–1662.[1]

There are two competing stories for the discovery of bubble tea.[8] One is associated with the Chun Shui Tang tea room (春水堂人文茶館 [zh]) in Taichung.[1] Its founder, Liu Han-Chieh, began serving Chinese tea cold after he observed coffee was served cold in Japan while on a visit in the 1980s.[1] The new style of serving tea propelled his business, and multiple chains serving this tea were established.[8] The company's product development manager, Lin Hsiu Hui, said she created the first bubble tea in 1988 when she poured tapioca balls into her tea during a staff meeting and encouraged others to drink it.[8] The beverage was well received by everyone at the meeting, leading to its inclusion on the menu. It ultimately became the franchise's top-selling product.[8]

Another claim for the invention of bubble tea comes from the Hanlin Tea Room [zh] in Tainan. It claims that bubble tea was invented in 1986 when teahouse owner Tu Tsong-he was inspired by white tapioca balls he saw in the local market of Ah-bó-liâu (鴨母寮 [zh], or Yāmǔliáo in Mandarin).[8] He later made tea using these traditional Taiwanese snacks.[8] This resulted in what is known as "pearl tea".[31]

Popularity

In the 1990s, bubble tea spread all over East and Southeast Asia with its ever-growing popularity. In regions like Hong Kong, Mainland China, Japan, Vietnam,[32] and Singapore, the bubble tea trend expanded rapidly among young people. In some popular shops, people would line up for more than thirty minutes to get a cup of the drink.[2] In recent years, the popularity of bubble tea has gone beyond the beverage itself, with boba lovers inventing various bubble tea flavored-foods, including ice cream, pizza, toast, sushi, and ramen.[13]

Taiwan

In Taiwan, bubble tea has become not just a beverage, but an enduring icon of the culture and food history for the nation.[8][33] In 2020, the date April 30 was officially declared as National Bubble Tea Day in Taiwan.[2] That same year, the image of bubble tea was proposed as an alternative cover design for Taiwan's passport.[34] According to Al Jazeera, bubble tea has become synonymous with Taiwan and is an important symbol of Taiwanese identity both domestically and internationally.[35] Bubble tea is used to represent Taiwan in the context of the Milk Tea Alliance.[36][35] 50 Lan is a bubble tea chain founded in Tainan.[37]

Hong Kong

Hong Kong is famous for its traditional Hong Kong-style milk tea, which is made with brewed black tea and evaporated milk.[1] While milk tea has long become integrated into people's daily life, the expansion of Taiwanese bubble tea chains, including Tiger Sugar, Youiccha, and Xing Fu Tang, into Hong Kong created a new wave for "boba tea".[5]

Mainland China

Since the idea of adding tapioca pearls into milk tea was introduced into China in the 1990s, bubble tea has increased in popularity.[38] In 2020 it was estimated that the consumption of bubble tea was 5 times that of coffee in recent years.[38] According to data from QianZhen Industry Research Institute, the value of the tea-related beverage market in China reached 53.7 billion Renminbi (about US$7.63 billion) in 2018.[39] In 2019, annual sales from bubble tea shops reached as high as CN¥ 140.5 billion (roughly US$20 billion).[40] While bubble tea chains from Taiwan (e.g., Gong Cha and Coco) are still popular, more local brands, like Yi Dian Dian, Nayuki, Hey Tea, etc., are now dominating the market.[39]

In China, young people's growing obsession with bubble tea shaped their way of social interaction. Buying someone a cup of bubble tea has become a new way of informally thanking someone. It is also a favored topic among friends and on social media.[39]

Japan

Bubble tea first entered Japan by the late 1990s, but it failed to leave a lasting impression on the public markets.[41] It was not until the 2010s when the bubble tea trend finally swept Japan.[41] Shops from Taiwan, Korea, and China, as well as local brands, began to pop up in cities, and bubble tea has remained one of the hottest trends since then.[41] Bubble tea has become so commonplace among teenagers that teenage girls in Japan invented slang for it: tapiru (タピる). The word is short for drinking tapioca tea in Japanese, and it won first place in a survey of "Japanese slang for middle school girls" in 2018.[41] A bubble tea theme park was open for a limited time in 2019 in Harajuku, Tokyo.[42]

Singapore

Known locally in Chinese as 泡泡茶 (pinyin: pào pào chá), bubble tea is loved by many in Singapore.[43] The drink was sold in Singapore as early as 1992 and became phenomenally popular among young people in 2001.[44] This soon ended because of the intense competition and price wars among shops.[45] As a result, most bubble tea shops closed and bubble tea lost its popularity by 2003.[45] When Taiwanese chains like Koi and Gong Cha came to Singapore in 2007 and 2009, the beverage experienced only short resurgences in popularity.[46] In 2018, the interest in bubble tea rose again at an unprecedented speed in Singapore, as new brands like The Alley and Tiger Sugar entered the market; social media also played an important role in driving this renaissance of bubble tea.[46]

United States

In the 1990s, Taiwanese immigrants began to introduce bubble tea in Taiwanese restaurants in California. Some of the first stand-alone bubble tea shops can be traced to a food court in Arcadia, in Southern California,[3] and Fantasia Coffee & Tea in Cupertino, in Northern California.[47] Chains like Tapioca Express, Quickly, Lollicup and Happy Lemon emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s, bringing the Taiwanese bubble tea trend to the US.[47] Within the Asian American community, bubble tea is commonly known under its colloquial term "boba".[5]

As the beverage gained popularity in the US, it gradually became more than a drink, but a cultural identity for Asian Americans. This phenomenon was referred to as “boba life” by Chinese-American brothers Andrew and David Fung in their music video, “Bobalife,” released in 2013.[5] Boba symbolizes a subculture that Asian Americans as social minorities could define themselves as, and “boba life” is a reflection of their desire for both cultural and political recognition.[48] It is also used disparagingly in the term boba liberal.

Other regions with large concentrations of bubble tea restaurants in the United States are the Northeast and Southwest. This is reflected in the coffeehouse-style teahouse chains that originate from the regions, such as Boba Tea Company from Albuquerque, New Mexico, No. 1 Boba Tea in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Kung Fu Tea from New York City.[49][50][51] Albuquerque and Las Vegas have a large concentrations of boba tea restaurants, as the drink is popular especially among the Hispano, Navajo, Pueblo, and other Native American, Hispanic and Latino American communities in the Southwest.[52][53][54][55]

A massive shipping and supply chain crisis on the U.S. West coast, coupled with the obstruction of the Suez Canal in March 2021, caused a shortage of tapioca pearls for bubble tea shops in the U.S. and Canada.[56][57] Most of the tapioca consumed in the U.S. is imported from Asia, since the critical ingredient, tapioca starch, is mostly grown in Asia.[58]

TikTok trends and the Korean Wave also fueled the popularity of bubble tea in the United States.[59]

Australia

Individual bubble tea shops began to appear in Australia in the 1990s, along with other regional drinks like Eis Cendol. Chains of stores were established as early as 2002, when the Bubble Cup franchise opened its first store in Melbourne.[60] Although originally associated with the rapid growth of immigration from Asia and the vast tertiary student cohort from Asia, in Melbourne and Sydney bubble tea has become popular across many communities.[61]

Mauritius

The first bubble tea shop in Mauritius opened in late 2012, and since then there have been bubble tea shops in most shopping malls on the island. Bubble tea shops have become a popular place for teenagers to hang out.[62]

Cultural influence

In 2020, the Unicode Consortium released the bubble tea emoji as part of its version 13.0 update.[63][64]

On 29 January 2023, Google celebrated Bubble Tea with a doodle.[65][66]

Potential health concerns

In July 2019, Singapore's Mount Alvernia Hospital warned against the high sugar content of bubble tea since the drink had become extremely popular in Singapore. While it acknowledged the benefits of drinking green tea and black tea in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis and cancer, respectively, the hospital cautions that the addition of other ingredients like non-dairy creamer and toppings in the tea could raise the fat and sugar content of the tea and increase the risk of chronic diseases. Non-dairy creamer is a milk substitute that contains trans fat in the form of hydrogenated palm oil. The hospital warned that this oil has been strongly correlated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.[67][68]

The other concern about bubble tea is its high calorie content, partially attributed to the high-carbohydrate tapioca pearls (Chinese: 珍珠; pinyin: zhēn zhū), which can make up to half the calorie-count in a 500 ml (18 imp fl oz; 17 US fl oz) serving of bubble tea.[69]

See also

  • Bober Tea and Mochi Dough
  • Chinese tea culture – Preparation and occasions of tea consumption in China
  • Hong Kong tea culture – Regional tea culture
  • List of Taiwanese inventions and discoveries
  • Q texture – Hokkien culinary term for the ideal texture of chewy foods
  • Sharetea
  • Taiwanese tea culture – Tea culture of Taiwan
  • Taiwanese cuisine – Culinary traditions of Taiwan
  • Teaspoon (restaurant)
  • Yifang Taiwan Fruit Tea

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wu, Jiayi (2020). "What Makes Bubble Tea Popular ? Interaction between Chinese and British Tea Culture". The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology. 2 (16): 97–102. doi:10.25236/FSST.2020.021614 (inactive 1 November 2024). Archived from the original on 26 September 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e Yip, Lynnett (1 January 2020). "How Boba, or Bubble Tea, Went Global". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  3. ^ a b Zhang, Jenny G. (5 November 2019). "How Bubble Tea Became a Complicated Symbol of Asian-American Identity". Eater.
  4. ^ Wu, Yongzhong; Lu, Yikuan; Xie, Guie (15 February 2022). "Bubble tea consumption and its association with mental health symptoms: An observational cross-sectional study on Chinese young adults". Journal of Affective Disorders. 299: 620–627. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.061. ISSN 0165-0327. PMID 34942229. S2CID 245416664.
  5. ^ a b c d e Zhang, Jenny G. (5 November 2019). "How Bubble Tea Became a Complicated Symbol of Asian-American Identity". Eater. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  6. ^ Hillocks, R. J.; Thresh, J. M.; Bellotti, A. C., eds. (2002). Cassava: Biology, Production and Utilization. Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 0-85199-883-6.
  7. ^ Encisco, V. Elizabeth; Zhu, Feilin A. (7 October 2004). "Whose Boba Is Best?". The Harvard Crimson. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Wong, Maggie Hiufu (30 April 2020). "The Rise of Bubble Tea, One of Taiwan's Most Beloved Beverages". CNN. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  9. ^ Goldstein, Darra (2015). The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199313402. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  10. ^ Tsai, Yueh-Ju; Carvajal, Carolina Forero; Flores, Nicolas Moltedo; Lin, Tsan-Shiun; Yang, Johnson Chia-Shen; Chiang, Yuan-Cheng; Lin, Pao-Yuan (2019). "Reconstruction of Pediatric Hand Injuries Caused by Automatic Cup-Sealing Machines in Taiwan". Journal of International Medical Research. 47 (11): 5855–5866. doi:10.1177/0300060519874540. PMC 6862881. PMID 31558087.
  11. ^ a b c Nguyen-Okwu, Leslie (16 March 2019). "Boba Explained: A Sipper's Guide to Taiwan's Signature Drink". Eater. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  12. ^ Wei, Clarissa (16 January 2017). "How Boba Became an Integral Part of Asian-American Culture in Los Angeles". LA Weekly. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  13. ^ a b Pyne, Irene (29 July 2019). "Delicious or Disgusting? Boba Craze Spills Over from Bubble Tea to Pizza, Ramen, Hotpot and Sushi". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  14. ^ Bhandalkar, Shankar. "Bubble Tea Market Expected to Reach $4.3 Billion by 2027". Allied Market Research. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Bubble Tea Market Share, Size, Growth, Analysis Report 2022-2027". www.imarcgroup.com. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  16. ^ "Taro Bubble Tea: What is it & How Does it Taste? — Sharetea - Best Bubble Tea Brand". Sharetea. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  17. ^ "Mango Bubble Tea". Mango.org. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  18. ^ "What Is Coconut Milk Tea And How To Make It? – Tea Backyard". Tea Backyard. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  19. ^ "What Is Bubble Tea? Learn About the Different Flavors". The Spruce Eats. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  20. ^ "How to Make Tapioca Pearls (Boba Balls) with Perfect Texture For Milk Tea". Honest Food Talks. 21 October 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  21. ^ Goodwin, Lindsey (26 June 2019). "Bubble Tea 101: Types, Ingredients, and More". The Spruce Eats. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  22. ^ a b Dickey, Rachel (25 June 2017). "6 Worth The Drive Coffee Shops Outside of Ottawa". Spoon University. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  23. ^ "Bubble Tea Flavors and Toppings You Never Knew Existed!". Honest Food Talks. 25 April 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  24. ^ Reiter, Amy. "Will We All Soon Be Drinking Cheese Tea?". Food Network. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  25. ^ Fullerton, Jamie (18 October 2017). "People in Beijing Are Lining Up for Hours to Try 'Cheese Tea'". Vice Magazine. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  26. ^ "Thick PP Bubble Tea Cup". Pack and Send. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  27. ^ a b "Bursting the 'Bubble': Tips to Ordering Bubble Tea". City of Adelaide. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  28. ^ Ang, Daniel (24 September 2019). "Teabrary 小茶識 – Bubble Tea Shop Opened By MediaCorp Host Vivian Lai, Offering Trendy Dessert Teas". DanielFoodDiary.com. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  29. ^ Ang, Daniel (9 July 2016). "Bubbs – Bubble Tea In Light Bulbs Bottles Brightened Up Our Day". DanielFoodDiary.com. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  30. ^ "Another Example of Bubble Tea in Unique Packaging, This Is Bubble Tea in Plastic Bags for Drinking. | Bubble Tea Recipe, Food and Drink, Cafe Food". Pinterest. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  31. ^ Jones, Edward (13 November 2018). "Who Invented Bubble Tea?". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  32. ^ Tomiyama, Atsushi (3 May 2018). "Vietnam Embraces Taiwan-Style Bubble Tea". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  33. ^ Wu, Valerie (22 March 2021). "Boba Diplomacy: Bubble Tea's Influence on Taiwan's Soft Power". Glimpse from the Globe. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  34. ^ Huang, Tzu-ti (20 April 2020). "Legislator Proposes Erasing 'China' from Taiwan's Passport Cover". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 23 April 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  35. ^ a b Hale, Erin (26 June 2020). "Taiwan Finds Diplomatic Sweet Spot in Bubble Tea". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  36. ^ Smith, Nicola (3 May 2020). "#MilkTeaAlliance: New Asian Youth Movement Battles Chinese Trolls". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  37. ^ Wan, Bei-lin 萬蓓琳 (31 July 2008). "台南小攤變身全國最大冷飲加盟店" [Tainan Stall Transforms into the Largest Cold Beverage Franchise in the Country]. Business Today [zh] (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  38. ^ a b Chen, Yawen (23 December 2020). "Tea Bubble Is Set to Inflate in China". Reuters. Archived from the original on 28 December 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  39. ^ a b c "Milk Tea Becomes Increasingly Popular in China". People's Daily Online. 7 August 2019. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  40. ^ Noël, Steffi (9 September 2020). "The success of bubble tea in China explained". Daxue Consulting - Market Research China. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  41. ^ a b c d Shih, Yi-yun (6 June 2019). "How Taiwanese Bubble Tea Conquered the Taste Buds of The Japanese". CommonWealth Magazine. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  42. ^ Roll, Dale (30 July 2019). "Bubble Tea Amusement Park to Open in Harajuku". Japan Today. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  43. ^ Quek, Eunice (3 May 2020). "Tightened Covid-19 Circuit Breaker Measures to Stay for Another Week but Your Favourite Bubble Tea Could Still Be Available". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  44. ^ Quek, Rachel (25 July 2019). "Consuming Singapore: The Obsession with Bubble Tea". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  45. ^ a b Yap, Jan (28 January 2014). "Bubble Tea". Infopedia. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  46. ^ a b "A Drink from South-East Asia? The History of Bubble Tea". Kopi. 19 January 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  47. ^ a b Trazo, Talitha Angelica (2020). "Wanna Get Boba?": The Bond Between Boba and Asian American Youth in San Jose, California (M.A. thesis). University of California, Los Angeles. p. 3. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  48. ^ Nguyen, Heather (2020). "Boba Binds You and Me: An Exploration of Boba, Asian American Identity, and Community". Senior Capstone Projects. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  49. ^ Hyde, Justin (8 October 2013). "Loan Helps Couple Expand Beyond New Mexico". The Santa Fe New Mexican.
  50. ^ Karel, Janna (28 July 2017). "10 Best Things to Do in Las Vegas This Weekend, July 28–30". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  51. ^ Houston, Kate; Wright, Lucas (27 February 2020). "'No. 1 Boba Tea' Expands Throughout Las Vegas Valley Despite Pandemic Challenges". KLAS-TV. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  52. ^ "Albuquerque's 5 Best Spots for Inexpensive Bubble Tea". Hoodline. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  53. ^ Garduno, Gil (9 February 2020). "Kawaii Boba Cafe – Albuquerque, New Mexico". Gil's Thrilling (And Filling) Blog. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  54. ^ "Fancy Navajo Boba Almond Milk Tea". TheFancyNavajo. 1 April 2017. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  55. ^ "The 10 Best Places for Bubble Tea in New Mexico!". Best Things To Do and Places To Go in New Mexico. 4 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  56. ^ Paglinawan, Denise (16 April 2021). "No Bubble Tea This Spring? Canada Faces Boba Shortage Amid Shipping Delays". CP24. The Canadian Press. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021."
  57. ^ Yetikyel, Gia (20 April 2021). "West Coast Bubble Tea Shops Brace for Boba Shortage as Cargo Ships Jam Los Angeles Ports". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  58. ^ Everington, Keoni (16 April 2021). "Bobapocalypse: US Milk Tea Shops Face Taiwan Boba Shortage". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  59. ^ Chen, Spe; Hong, Jinshan (31 March 2023). "How Taiwanese Bubble Tea Has Taken Over the US". Bloomberg News.
  60. ^ "[About BubbleCup]". BubbleCup. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  61. ^ "For Chatime, Gotcha, and Milksha, the Bubble Tea Craze Shows No Signs of Bursting Anytime Soon". QSR Media Australia. 25 February 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  62. ^ Naidu, Darina (13 January 2020). "Bubble Tea: Is It Healthy?". Lexpress.mu (in French). Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  63. ^ Harris, Jenn (6 March 2020). "A boba emoji is coming. Meet the woman who designed it". LA Times. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  64. ^ Mercer, David. "Kumar and Colleagues Win a Place for Bubble Tea at the Emoji Table". The Grainger College of Engineering. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  65. ^ Pereira, Ana (30 January 2023). "Here's why today's Google Doodle is celebrating the beloved bubble tea". Toronto Star. Toronto Star Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
  66. ^ "Celebrating Bubble Tea". www.google.com. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  67. ^ "What's in My Bubble Tea?". Mount Alvernia Hospital. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  68. ^ Chia, Rachel Genevieve (15 July 2019). "Brown Sugar Milk Tea Is the Unhealthiest Bubble Tea – and Milk Foam Is the Worst Topping, Singapore Hospital Warns". Business Insider Malaysia. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  69. ^ Arulnathan John (10 January 2021). "Is There Bubble Tea Even Diabetics Can Love? Low-Sugar, Low-Calorie Tweaks Are Being Made". CNA. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.

  • Media related to Bubble tea at Wikimedia Commons

Admin

Link nội dung: https://pi-web.eu/bubble-tea-1732404307-a2256.html